Journal: Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience

Article Title: Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex activation disrupts Pavlovian incentive motivation.

doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.999320

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 1 (A) Schematic of AAV strategy for expressing hM4Di or hM3Dq in dmPFC. (B) Coronal section showing representative mCherry-labeled DREADD expression. (C) Localization of DREADD expression for rats in hM4Di and hM3Dq groups (adapted from Paxinos and Watson, 2014). (D) Schematic of experimental design. (E,F) Mean cue-evoked food-port entry rate (entries/min; CS – Pre; ± SEM) during Pavlovian conditioning sessions with the CS+ and CS– for hM4Di (E) and hm3Dq (F) groups. (G,H) Mean rate of lever pressing (presses/min; ± SEM) during instrumental conditioning sessions for hM4Di (G) and hm3Dq (H) groups.

Article Snippet: Rats were anesthetized using isoflurane and placed in a stereotaxic frame for microinjections of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors to induce expression of the inhibitory DREADD [designer receptor exclusively activated by designer Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 02 frontiersin.org drug (Armbruster et al., 2007)] hM4Di [pAAV5-CaMKIIahM4D(Gi)-mCherry, 1.1 × 1013 vg/mL; Addgene plasmid # 50477-AAV5] (n = 8) or the excitatory DREADD hM3Dq [CaMKIIa-hM3D(Gq)-mCherry 1.7 × 1013 vg/mL; Addgene plasmid # 50476-AAV5] (n = 8) fused with mCherry under the CaMKII promoter.

Techniques: Expressing, Labeling

Journal: Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience

Article Title: Dorsomedial prefrontal cortex activation disrupts Pavlovian incentive motivation.

doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.999320

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 2 (A) Mean rates (responses/min; ± SEM) of lever pressing during Pre-CS (baseline) periods of the PIT test. (B) Mean rates (responses/min) of cue-evoked (CS – Pre; ± SEM) lever pressing at test. (C,D) Normalized inter-response time (IRT) distributions (<10 s; central tendency ± 95% confidence intervals; plotted over 0.1-s bins) for four possible response sequences: Press-Press, Entry-Entry, Press-Entry, and Entry-Press. Dotted vertical line indicates the 2.5-s cutoff used for bout analysis (refer to main text). Data are separately plotted for hM4Di (C) and hM3Dq (D) AAV group and drug condition as indicated. (E) Mean rates (responses/min; ± SEM) of press bouts during Pre-CS (baseline) periods of the PIT test. (F) Mean rates (responses/min) of cue-evoked (CS – Pre; ± SEM) press bouts at test. (G) Mean rates (responses/min; ± SEM) of spontaneous (press-independent) food-port entry bouts during Pre-CS (baseline) periods of the PIT test. (H) Mean rates (responses/min) of cue-evoked (CS – Pre; ± SEM) food-port entry bouts at test. “Drug” refers to significant main effects of Drug, and “Drug × Cue” refers to a significant Drug × Cue interaction. The bar below indicates a significant simple effect of Drug for the CS+ condition. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Rats were anesthetized using isoflurane and placed in a stereotaxic frame for microinjections of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) vectors to induce expression of the inhibitory DREADD [designer receptor exclusively activated by designer Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 02 frontiersin.org drug (Armbruster et al., 2007)] hM4Di [pAAV5-CaMKIIahM4D(Gi)-mCherry, 1.1 × 1013 vg/mL; Addgene plasmid # 50477-AAV5] (n = 8) or the excitatory DREADD hM3Dq [CaMKIIa-hM3D(Gq)-mCherry 1.7 × 1013 vg/mL; Addgene plasmid # 50476-AAV5] (n = 8) fused with mCherry under the CaMKII promoter.

Techniques: